Toxic Shock Syndrome: Here are some key facts everyone should know

If you’re a person who experiences a period, you likely have heard the warnings about Toxic Shock Syndrome.

We have compiled information from the HSE and Mayo Clinic to break down the facts about this potentially life-threatening illness for you.

So if you’re reading this, pass the information on to a friend, sister, or cousin to make sure we’re spreading the information and preventing anyone from missing the key signs.

What is Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, life-threatening complication associated with certain types of bacterial infections.

TSS arises as a result of toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria, but the condition may also be caused by toxins produced by group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria.

Risk factors for toxic shock syndrome include using tampons and other devices, such as menstrual cups, contraceptive sponges or diaphragm.

But that’s not all, it can also be caused by skin wounds and surgery and therefore it can affect anyone, including men, children and postmenopausal women. 

How do menstrual products increase the risk of TSS?

Tampons can increase the risk of TSS in two ways:

• Tampons (especially super-absorbent varieties) that are left in the vagina for a long time may encourage the bacteria to grow.
• Tampons can stick to the vaginal walls, especially when blood flow is light, causing tiny abrasions when they are removed.

Symptoms

Symptoms of TSS include:

• A sudden high fever
• Low blood pressure
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• A rash resembling a sunburn, particularly on your palms and soles
• Confusion
• Muscle aches
• Redness of your eyes, mouth and throat
• Seizures
• Headaches

When to seek medical advice?

Call your doctor immediately if you have signs or symptoms of TSS.

This is especially important if you've recently used tampons or if you have a skin or wound infection.

Prevention

If you use tampons, read the labels and use the lowest absorbency tampon you can. 

Change tampons frequently throughout the say; at least every four to eight hours. 

Alternate using tampons and sanitary towels, and use mini-pads when your flow is light.

Remember

Toxic shock syndrome can recur, so people who've had it once can get it again.

If you've had TSS or a prior serious staph or strep infection, don't use tampons.

For more information on Toxic Shock Syndrome, here are some key sources:

• John Hopkins Medicine, TSS
• Toxic Shock Syndrome (for Parents)
• Staph infections and TSS, HSE

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